250 and Counting: January 14, 1775

Cover art for January 14, 1775: portratt of Lord Dartmouth

William Legge was the Second Earl of Dartmouth and, just before the hostilities between the Colonists and the British started in earnest, was also the Secretary of State for the Colonies and the First Lord of Trade.

Lord Dartmouth noticed that people throughout the Colonies appeared to be preparing for all-out war, so he sent a letter to the colonial governors, essentially ordering them to embargo imports of weapons or ammunition. In doing this, he was basically fulfilling his duty to the Crown.

Simultaneously, however, he was trying to employ backdoor diplomacy tactics to negotiate a peace. Benjamin Franklin was among the people with whom he communicated. But it’s tough to argue for peace when your troops are occupying Boston, and his actions ultimately led to the Gunpowder Plot, and the war heating up for good at Lexington and Concord just a few months later.

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250 and Counting: January 13, 1775

At one time there were rumors that Benjamin Franklin had lots and lots of children born out of wedlock. (Insert your favorite “lightning rod” joke here.) As usual, the real story is more complicated than that.

Franklin courted a woman named Deborah Reed. At the time, he was 17 and she was 15, so her mother forbade the marriage. Deborah later married another man who fled the country. Sometime after this, Franklin re-entered the picture, but because the status of her marriage was unclear, they simply lived together as common-law spouses. They had two children together, so technically they were “born out of wedlock.” Francis Folger Franklin died of smallpox at the age of four, and Sarah Folger Franklin was also politically active until her death at the age of 68. Meanwhile, Franklin had another “illegitimate” son whose mother is not known (and was also probably Deborah), but he acknowledged his own parentage and together they raised him. This was William Franklin, the future Royal Governor of New Jersey.

That’s it. That’s all of Benjamin Franklin’s kids. But we’re focused on William today.

William was appointed the Royal Governor of New Jersey largely because he was known to have Loyalist leanings. And while he was pretty good at being governor, there did come a point where New Jersey said “Enough of this” and imprisoned him locally for six months before moving him to Connecticut for two years. (This is an event alluded to in the play 1776, but by that point Franklin really had to know that his son had been removed from office. He probably didn’t know yet that William had just been moved to Connecticut, so by early July that would have been news to him.)

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250 and Counting: January 12, 1775

Cover art for January 12, 1775: the gravestone of Joseph Gist

Joseph Gist wasn’t an especially distinguished person, but you don’t have to be distinguised to get noticed on 250 and Counting.

Gist was born in Union County, SC and while he moved to Charleston in his teen and college years, he moved to Pinckneyville to practice law. Pinckneyville was part of the Ninety-Six District, which we discussed in yesterday’s episode.

Although the district court at Pinckneyville was abolished not long after he settled there, it was still a fabulous place to practice law, and he was in enough demand that he’d be pursued for representation by both parties in many suits. Later on he was elected to Congress and served in the House for six years, leaving of his own accord.

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250 and Counting: January 9, 1775

Cover art for January 9, 1775: A portrait of Daniel Leonard, a British Loyalist who wrote under the pen name "Massachusettensis."

Daniel Leonard was the son of a prominent family in the ironworks industry. He lived in Taunton, Massachusetts until shortly after he accepted a position working for the Royal Governor of the state, at which point he became unpopular enough that he was forced to move to Boston, which was under British occupation at the time.

It makes sense, then, that Leonard put pen to paper and wrote essays to be published in the Boston Gazette under the pen name “Massachusettensis.” (What doesn’t make sense, 250 years later, is why he chose such a peculiar name. At least, not to us.) He began writing these pieces in December 1774 but it was the one published on this day in 1775 that finally set John Adams to writing replies under a pen name of his own. This back-and-forth continued for about three months, until a major event escalated the tensions between the Crown and the Colonies to the point where the exchange of essays became moot.

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250 and Counting: January 8, 1775

Cover art for January 8, 1775: "The defense of Baltimore, assembling of the troops, September 12, 1814" by Thomas Ruckle

It’s Cake and Candles today for Brigadier General John Harrison, born this day in 1775 in Pennsylvania.

Harrison became a local official in his home county until the War of 1812, when he enlisted and his company was sent to defend Baltimore against the British in one of the war’s biggest victories for the American side.

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250 and Counting: January 6, 1775

Cover art for January 6, 1775: A map of the New York area from that year

The impression that most people have of John Adams, it seems, comes from one of two places. It’s either William Daniels’ portrayal of him in the play and film 1776 (and we’re big fans of that particular bit of cinema), or it’s Paul Giamatti’s portrayal in the seven-part miniseries on cable TV. Both stories had their charms, and both took some liberties with the facts. (Oddly, both of them showed Benjamin Franklin being carried in to the Second Continental Congress, but that didn’t happen until the Constitutional Conventions eleven years later.) The bottom line is that Adams was a complex man and a very smart one who had the ability to see the bigger picture, as they say.

George Washington was also a well-rounded person, as you no doubt discovered in the January 1 episode. Early in 1775 Washington wore multiple hats. He was a delegate to the First Continental Congress, he was responsible for training militiamen in Virginia, and he was unofficially the Commander-in-Chief of the army, except there wasn’t one quite yet.

Today we’re looking at some correspondence from Adams to Washington, and we’ll learn in a future episode just how seriously Washington took his warnings.

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250 and Counting–January 3, 1775

Thomas Flournoy was born this day in 1775, and while he therefore didn’t have a lot to do with the Revolutionary War, he did have an impact on the Florida Patriot War and on the War of 1812. Now, we’re pretty sure you’ve heard of the War of 1812 but we’re willing to bet that most folks don’t know about the Florida Patriot War.

To that end, listen in and learn about how the US first got its hooks into the Spanish territory in North America.

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250 and Counting: January 2, 1775

The Philadelphia Packet was a weekly newspaper that had only been around for about four years by the start of 1775, so tensions between the Colonies and the Crown were already in place from the first issue.

But while publisher John Dunlap generally sided with the Americans, he did feel a responsibility to present both sides of the debate. And it was on this day in 1775 that Dunlap published an anonymous letter aimed at convincing people that reconciling with Britain was a better idea than pushing back against every decision made by the Crown.

Dunlap became famous later on for something else he printed…listen in and find out what it was.

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250 and Counting: January 1, 1775

Welcome to the inaugural episode of 250 and Counting!

This is a daily podcast, but don’t worry—it only runs about four or five minutes per day. Those of you of a certain age (ahem) may remember the Bicentennial Minute.

For those of you who don’t: As the 200th anniversary of the United States approached, our country was absolutely immersed in Bicentennial stuff. Anything that could get the Bicentennial logo slapped on it, had the logo slapped on it. And absolutely everyone had a little extra dash of American pride in them.

And every night at 8:00 PM, on CBS Television, we’d get what was informally called the Bicentennial Minute. A celebrity of some level (some were big names and others weren’t) would come on and tell us what happened 200 years ago on that day. They’d tell us about the events that led up to the Revolutionary War. They’d talk about the people who signed the Declaration of Independence. They’d talk about the aftermath of these events. And they did it in just a couple of minutes. For two years, we’d get a little snippet of the history of the United States.

Now, it’s 2025 and the 250^th anniversary (July 4, 2026) of our country is coming. America isn’t feeling that pride anymore, we don’t think. And that’s a shame because we do need a win. We need to feel like we understood what our ancestors fought for. 250 years isn’t quite as exciting a marker as a nice round number like 200 or 300, but most of the people involved in this project aren’t likely to live that long. (We’re still trying to face it, but dangit, it’s true.)

Also, we can’t afford celebrities, so you have us, instead. “Us” is Claude Call and Mike Messner, with a little help from Serena Gaylord and Lorene Childs. (You can read more about everyone on the “About Us” page.)

250 and Counting will be available in your favorite podcatcher, but if you prefer listening to it here on the website, here it is for your enjoyment.

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